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Bitcoin Covenants Part 4: OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK and OP_CAT

OP_CSFS authenticates signatures over arbitrary data. OP_CAT concatenates stack values into a single message. Together, they let Bitcoin scripts verify transaction structure at spend time, without pre-signed key management or new consensus rules beyond the two opcodes themselves.

Bitcoin Covenants Part 4: OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK and OP_CAT

Published July 13, 2026 · Category: Markets

Overview

Bitcoin Covenants Part 4: OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK and OP_CAT

Details

OP_CSFS authenticates signatures over arbitrary data. OP_CAT concatenates stack values into a single message. Together, they let Bitcoin scripts verify transaction structure at spend time, without pre-signed key management or new consensus rules beyond the two opcodes themselves.

Source

Originally published at cointelegraph.com.

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